HMPV FAQs

What is Human Metapneumovirus?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that causes respiratory tract infections similar to the common cold. While initially identified in 2001, HMPV has likely been circulating globally in human populations for decades. Infections can occur in people of all ages, particularly among young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. HMPV is most prevalent during the winter and spring months, although outbreaks can occur throughout the year.

What are the symptoms of HMPV?

Common symptoms, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, and shortness of breath usually appear 3-6 days following infection. Severe HMPV, can lead to more serious respiratory infections like bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma flare-ups, or worsen Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

How does HMPV spread?

HMPV primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplets can survive on surfaces for short periods and are transmitted through touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. Individuals can be contagious a few days before symptoms appear and remain contagious for several days after onset.

Is there a specific treatment for HMPV?

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management involves supportive care, through rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. Most cases will usually resolve on their own within 7-10 days. Hospitalisation may be required in severe cases, particularly those at high risk.

Is there a vaccine for HMPV?

Currently, there is no vaccine available for HMPV.

What preventive measures can be taken against HMPV?

Preventing HMPV follows similar measures to those for other respiratory illnesses and primarily involves good hygiene practices.

• Wash your hands frequently.
• Hand sanitisers can be used when soap and water are not readily available.
• Avoid touching your face.
• Keep your distance from people who are obviously sick.
• Avoid crowds, especially during peak seasons.
• If you cannot avoid crowds, consider wearing a mask.

Can people be reinfected with HMPV?

Yes, reinfections can occur as immunity to HMPV following an infection is not long-lasting.

How is HMPV diagnosed?

HMPV is diagnosed through routine laboratory tests, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

How does HMPV compare to other respiratory viruses?

HMPV is similar to other respiratory viruses like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza in terms of symptoms and transmission. However, it belongs to a different family of viruses.

Are there any travel restrictions?

Currently, there are no specific travel restrictions related to HMPV. Despite the rise in cases, authorities have not imposed any flight or border restrictions.