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Updated: September 2025
Brazil reported its first mpox case in June 2022. Since then there has been local transmission.
Testing is available in all 27 Central Public Health Laboratories.
Vaccination is available as a pre-exposure vaccine for people living with HIV or laboratory professionals who work with Orthopoxviruses. Post-exposure vaccination is also available for people who have had direct contact with bodily fluids and secretions of people suspected, probable, or confirmed to have mpox.
Find the latest updates from the Ministry of Health's mpox page.
H5N1 was detected for the first time in wild birds in Brazil in May 2023. Since then, H5N1 has been detected in wild birds and on commercial poultry farms. H5N1 outbreaks have also been detected in sea lions and fur seals on the coast of Brazil.
Avian influenza has never been reported in humans in Brazil.
Imported cases were first reported in late February 2020.
See the Ministry of Health's COVID-19 dashboard and the National Health Surveillance Agency – ANVISA COVID-19 website for the latest updates.
HMPV facts and FAQs, and other respiratory illnesses.
International SOS Podcast on "HMPV in China"
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